The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.